Masculinity Norms and Gender-Based Violence in Nigerian Higher Education
Patriarchal constructs and entrenched masculinity norms continue to shape power dynamics in higher education institutions (HEIs), reinforcing gender-based violence (GBV) as a systemic issue in Nigeria. This review critically examined the impacts of entrenched patriarchal norms and traditional constructs of masculinity on violence against women and girls within HEI settings, exploring their implications for policy and intervention strategies and examining how feminist theories can suggest appropriate interventions to address this troubling issue. Drawing on feminist perspectives, we consider patriarchal norms and masculinities that affect females in the HEIs in Nigeria. We argue that deeply rooted patriarchal and rigid masculinity norms in HEIs drive GBV by promoting dominance, aggression, and entitlement. Institutional silence and weak policies further enable such behaviours. We recommend strengthening institutional policies, redefining masculinity norms through education, encouraging bystander intervention, providing support services for survivors, and collaborating with external organisations to prevent and address GBV in HEIs. Tackling GBV in HEIs involves dismantling harmful masculinity norms, enforcing stricter policies, and promoting a culture of accountability and support to foster safer and more inclusive academic environments.